Orchids make beautiful houseplants. While they’re not difficult to grow, good orchid care is essential for repeat flowering. Where the plants’ needs are not met, they may begin to show signs of distress and eventually die.
If your orchid hasn’t bloomed in a while, don’t despair. Most types of orchids bloom once or twice a year and go dormant for several months.
Start to worry when it hasn’t bloomed for a year or more or if it shows other signs of ill health, like yellow leaves, excessive leaf drop, or wilting. Even then, several steps can bring it back to life.
Try these tactics tested and used by orchid enthusiasts and experts.
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1. Let Your Orchid Enjoy Dormancy
Orchids are not like some houseplants – African violets, for instance – that can be fertilized until they bloom nearly constantly. Most orchids need to go dormant for a while before flowering again. A healthy orchid flowers for several weeks, even two or three months, and then goes dormant for six to nine months. Let your orchid rest during this period so that it can rebloom when it’s ready.
However, there are exceptions such as Phalaenopsis orchids, which do not go truly dormant. If you have this orchid, don’t remove its stem, as it can rebloom on the same spike.
For most other orchids, dormancy begins when the last petals drop. When that happens, snip off the flower stem and get the plant ready to rest. Ease up on watering and stop fertilizing the orchid. Place the dormant plant somewhere with slightly cooler temperatures, around 60 or 65°F (15 to 18°C). Ensure the plant is in darkness throughout the night.
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2. Check Roots And Repot
If your orchid looks unhappy or isn’t reblooming, it might need some root care and a new pot. A good sign it needs a bigger pot is roots hanging over the edges or coming out of the drainage hole. Also, if it looks too big for its pot and is top-heavy, it probably needs repotting.
To repot an orchid, remove the plant from its container and examine the roots. A healthy plant should have green, fleshy roots. Pale green, slightly flaccid roots are not great but can be revived. Trim off any clearly dead roots, those that are brown, mushy, or totally dried out.
Choose a slightly larger orchid container and use a fresh orchid potting medium. The medium gets depleted of nutrients and should be replaced every year or two.
Never repot an orchid while it’s blooming – wait until after the flowers are spent.
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3. Change The Watering Schedule
Checking the roots is important for determining the plant’s health but also for evaluating your regular watering schedule.
Learning how to water orchids is often a case of trial and error. Many people are afraid to overwater orchids and end up underwatering, in which case you’ll see dry roots.
If you have been overwatering, the roots might be soft and mushy, showing signs of rot. Adjust your watering schedule as needed and trim away any rotten roots.
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4. Soak A Dried Out Orchid
If your issue has been underwatering, give the plant a good soak before repotting and adjusting to a new watering schedule. An orchid can look very dry and shriveled but come back to life after soaking.
Growing orchids in water is a popular solution that can rescue ailing plants – though rather than being constantly submerged, orchids are usually cycled between wet and dry to mimic their natural environment.
- After pulling the orchid out of its pot, rinse and check the roots. Snip off any that look too damaged to recover.
- Fill a pot with room-temperature distilled or filtered water and set the clean roots of the orchid in it.
- Make sure the crown of the plant is above the water line. Use clips and ties to hold the plant in place if necessary.
- Alternate soaking during the day and letting the roots dry overnight for several days. Use fresh water every day.
- If you notice any mushiness or rotting in the roots, extend the drying periods.
If the orchid is revivable, it should begin to show signs of coming back to life: plumper leaves, perkier leaves, new root growth, and leaf growth. It could take up to a month, so be patient. When it seems happier, it’s time to repot it.
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5. Adjust Other Parameters
If watering issues and plant dormancy don’t seem to be the issue for your plant, check and adjust other important growing conditions.
Know your orchid type to determine if it’s getting the right amount of sunlight. Inadequate light is a common issue. Signs include dark green leaves and stunted growth. Give your orchid more time under bright light, natural or artificial.
Orchids need high humidity, especially in hotter weather. If the air in your house is dry, put a pebble tray under the orchid or mist it regularly with water. You can also try placing it near a humidifier or in a bathroom with good light.
Growing media for orchids is not nutrient-rich, so fertilizing is a must. Use water-soluble, orchid-specific plant food as directed on the label. Alternatively, use a regular, balanced plant food, but dilute it to half or quarter strength. Do not fertilize your orchid during dormancy.
Finally, make sure your orchid is growing in the appropriate temperature range. Not all orchids are from hot, tropical rainforests. There are cool, intermediate, and warm growers. Find out which type you have and ensure it is not too warm or too cold. All orchids should get a temperature drop at night.
